پیوند مفهومی گردشگری و سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه و تحول جامعه (مطالعه ترکیبی)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات اجتماعی و گردشگری، جامعه شناسی گردشگری
جواد معدنی
1
(دانشکده علوم اجتماعی)
کلید واژه: گردشکری, سرمایه اجتماعی, توسعه و تحول, روش ترکیبی,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری، پدیده‌ای چندوجهی است که از گذشته تا به امروز در ابعاد و حوزه‌های مختلف جامعه جریان دارد. در جامعه مفاهیم اساسی‌ای همچون سرمایه اجتماعی وجود دارند که در پیوند با مفهوم گردشگری می‌توانند توسعه و تحول آن را رقم برنند. هدف تحقیق حاضر، دستیابی به الگوی پیوند مفهومی گردشگری و سرمایه اجتماعی در توسعه و تحول جامعه است که با استفاده از روش تحقیق ترکیبی، آن را تدوین می‌نماید. رویکرد بکار رفته در آن، نسبی متوالی با وزن نابرابر است که در سه فاز کیفی- کیفی- کمّی انجام می‌شود که به ترتیب از سه روش «مرور سیستماتیک- تحلیل مضمون- دلفی تعدیل‌شده» استفاده شده است. مطابق با یافته‌های تحقیق، در فاز اول با استفاده از روش مرور سیستماتیک، از میان 211 مقاله بررسی شده، تعداد 26 مقاله انگلیسی و فارسی مرتبط شناخته شده و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در فاز دوم- روش تحلیل مضمون- با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختار یافته اطلاعات گردآوری شدند که 67 مضمون اساسی، 26 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده، چهار مضمون فراگیر شناسایی و استخراج شدند. در فاز سوم با استفاده از متد دلفی تعدیل‌شده، جهت بررسی سطح توافق خبرگان و تأیید اجزای الگو، سه راند دلفی انجام و تمام خبرگان اجزای الگو را مورد بررسی و تایید قرار دادند. از نتایج تحقیق حاضر می‌توان به نقش اساسی و سازنده مولفه‌هایی چون «حمایت و پشتیبانی از جامعه، مشارکت در گردشگری، رعایت حقوق شهروندی، تقویت زیرساخت‌های اجتماعی، فرهنگی، اقتصادی و... جامعه» اشاره کرد که موجب ایجاد پیوند و ارتباط دو مقوله‌ی مهم گردشگری و سرمایه اجتماعی شده‌اند که می‌توانند موجبات توسعه و تحول جامعه را فراهم سازند.
As a multifaceted phenomenon, tourism has traditionally existed in different dimensions and areas of society. On the other hand, there are some basic concepts in sociology such as social capital, which, together with the concept of tourism, can foster social development and evolution. Therefore, this study sought to develop a model in terms of a conceptual link between tourism and social capital to be used for the development and evolution of society using mixed-method research. To this end, the study used the partially mixed sequential dominant status design approach conducted in three qualitative-qualitative-quantitative phases, according to which systematic review, thematic analysis, and modified Delphi methods were used, respectively. According to the findings of the study, in the first phase, twenty-six English and Persian articles were selected out of 211 reviewed articles using the systematic review method. In the second phase, the data collected through semi-structured interviews were analyzed via the thematic analysis method, according to which sixty-seven basic themes, twenty-six organizing themes, and four inclusive themes were identified and extracted. In the third phase, three rounds of Delphi were conducted to validate the components of the model and examine the extent of the experts’ consensus in this regard using the modified Delphi method. Accordingly, all the experts confirmed the validity of the model’s components. The results of the study indicate the pivotal role of components such as "Providing social support, participating in tourism, observing the civil rights, strengthening social, cultural, and economic infrastructure, etc. in creating a link between tourism and social capital, which can pave the ground for fostering social developments.
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